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The Heisman Trophy, one of the highest individual awards in American college football, has been awarded 78 times since its creation in 1935, including 77 unique winners and one two-time winner. The trophy is given annually to the most outstanding college football player in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and is awarded by the Heisman Trust, successors of the awards from the Downtown Athletic Club at an annual ceremony at the Best Buy Theater in Times Square, Manhattan. In 1935, the award, then known as the DAC Trophy, was created by New York City's Downtown Athletic Club to recognize the best college football player "east of the Mississippi River".〔 In that inaugural year, the award went to Jay Berwanger from the University of Chicago. Berwanger was later drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League but declined to sign for them. He never played professional football for any team, instead choosing to pursue a career in business.〔(Jay Berwanger, first winner of the Heisman Trophy, 1914–2002 ) Julia Morse, University of Chicago News Office. Chicago, Illinois. June 27, 2002. Accessed March 7, 2008.〕 In 1936, the club's athletic director, football pioneer John Heisman, died and the trophy was renamed in his honor. Larry Kelley, the second winner of the award, was the first to win it as the "Heisman Trophy".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Heisman Trophy )〕 In addition to the name change, the award also became a nationwide achievement. With the new name, players west of the Mississippi became eligible, though the first player from the western United States was not selected until 1938.〔(Lighten up. (Heisman Trophy) ) Mark Purdy, The Sporting News, encyclopedia.com. December 5, 1994. Accessed March 8, 2008. (Site defunct prior to 9/10)〕 Only one player, Ohio State's Archie Griffin, has won the award twice.〔(Archie Griffin ) Heisman.com. Accessed December 23, 2012.〕 On June 10, 2010, following several years of investigation, the NCAA announced that USC running back Reggie Bush, the 2005 Heisman trophy winner, received gifts from agents while still in college. The university received major sanctions,〔(USC punished with two-year football posteason ban ). ESPN, 2010-06-11.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NCAA infraction report )〕 and there were reports that the Heisman Trophy Trust would strip his award. In September of that year, Bush voluntarily forfeited his title as the 2005 winner. The Heisman Trust decided to leave the award vacated with no new winner to be announced. Between 1936 and 2001, the award was given at an annual gala ceremony at the Downtown Athletic Club in New York City. The Downtown Athletic Club's facilities were damaged during the September 11, 2001 attacks. Due to financial difficulties stemming from the damage, the DAC declared bankruptcy in 2002, turning over its building to creditors. Following the club's bankruptcy and the loss of the original Downtown Athletic Club building,〔(New York landmark's closing leaves Heisman homeless ) Wayne Drehs, ESPN.com. July 22, 2004. Accessed March 8, 2008.〕 the Yale Club of New York City assumed presenting honors in 2002 and 2003.〔(9-11 Forces Heisman to Move to Yale Club ) Christopher Hunt, New York Daily News. June 26, 2002. Accessed March 8, 2008.〕 The ceremony was moved to the New York Marriott Marquis in Times Square for the 2002, 2003, and 2004 presentations, but since 2005, the event has been held at the Best Buy Theater, also in Times Square. The move to the Best Buy Theater allowed the Downtown Athletic Club (and ultimately, the award's successor, The Heisman Trust) to resume full control of the event—the most prominent example of which was the return of the official portraits of past winners—despite the loss of the original presentation hall.〔(Bush runs away with Heisman Trophy ) Ivan Maisel, ESPN.com. December 10, 2005. Accessed March 8, 2008.〕 In terms of balloting, the fifty states of the U.S. are split into six regions (Far West, Mid Atlantic, Mid West, North East, South, South West), and six regional representatives are selected to appoint voters in their states.〔(Expanded Heisman Trophy Voting Results ) MSNBC.com. Accessed March 8, 2008.〕 Each region has 145 media votes, for a total of 870 votes. In addition, all previous Heisman winners may vote, and one final vote is counted through public balloting. The Heisman ballots contain a 3-2-1 point system, in which each ballot ranks the voter's top three players and awards them three points for a first-place vote, two points for a second-place vote, and one point for a third-place vote. The points are tabulated, and the player with the highest total of points across all ballots wins the Heisman Trophy. ==Key== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Heisman Trophy winners」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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